ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND AVAILABILITY OF SAFETY MEASURES TOWARDS PREVENTION OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS AMONG PRIMARY HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN NIGERIA
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ABSTRACT
This study assessed knowledge, attitude, practice and availability of safety measures towards prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) among primary healthcare workers in North-central zone Nigeria. HAIs are acquired unknowingly by healthcare workers during treatment of patients in healthcare facilities. These infections can be Hepatitis B, or C, HIV, Tuberculosis among others, hence the need to find out why the alarming trend among Primary Healthcare Workers (PHCWs), in this study. The study used Ex-post facto research design. The population comprises of all PHCWs in Government primary healthcare facilities across North-central zone Nigeria (with 24,741 PHCWs). A total of 760 respondents were sampled from the above population, using multistage sampling techniques. A total of 760 questionnaire of Likert measuring scale format. Validity and reliability test were administered and returned, with 100% retrieval rate (the instrument was administered and retrieved on the spot in each of the sections formed to ease the collection). Descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages were used to describe demographic information of respondents, mean and standard deviation were used for the research questions, while inferential statistics of one sample t.test and independent t.test statistics were used to analyse the significance of knowledge, attitude, practice and availability and differences between male and female PHCWs‘ attitude and practice of safety measures towards preventing HAIs in North-central zone, Nigeria respectively. Results revealed that PHCWs have significant knowledge, attitude and practice (all at P-value of 0.00) but there were no adequate available safety measures provided for PHCWs to use. There were significant differences between male and female PHCWs‘ attitude and practice of safety measures towards the prevention HAIs in North-central zone, Nigeria (at P-values of 0.009 and 0.00 respectively). Conclusively, PHCWs have significant knowledge, attitude, practice but inadequate availability of safety measures while female PHCWs were found to have more positive significant attitude and practice towards safety measures in preventing HAIs in Northcentral zone, Nigeria. On the bases of the conclusion drawn, it was recommended that government should maintain training of PHCWs through seminars and workshops. It was further recommended that Government should make available adequate equipment to be used by PHCWs as safety measures and ensure enforcement of global best practices towards the prevention of healthcare-associated infections in North-Central Nigeria.
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